Перевод: со всех языков на французский

с французского на все языки

study source

Толкование Перевод

1 изучение городов
1. étude urbaine
изучение городов
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

urban study
The study and theory of building and other physical needs in cities or predominantly urban cultures. (Source: ECHO2)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- urban study
DE
- Urbanistik
FR
- étude urbaine
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > изучение городов
2 полевое исследование
1. étude de terrain
полевое исследование
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

field study
Scientific study made in the open air to collect information that can not be obtained in a laboratory. (Source: PHCa / DUNSTEa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- field study
DE
- Feldstudie
FR
- étude de terrain
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > полевое исследование
3 экспериментальное изучение
1. étude expérimentale
экспериментальное изучение
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

experimental study
Study based on experimentation. (Source: CED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- experimental study
DE
- Experimentalstudie
FR
- étude expérimentale
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экспериментальное изучение
4 аналитический обзор в области окружающей среды
1. étude d'environnement
аналитический обзор в области окружающей среды
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

environmental study
A document submitted by an applicant in support of an undertaking which identifies the environmental impacts of the proposed undertaking and its alternatives. (Source: LANDY)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- environmental study
DE
- Umweltstudie
FR
- étude d'environnement
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > аналитический обзор в области окружающей среды
5 геология
1. géologie
геология
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

geology
The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- geology
DE
- Geologie
FR
- géologie
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > геология
6 изучение безопасности
1. étude de sűreté
изучение безопасности
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

safety study
Research, detailed examination and usually a written report on the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- safety study
DE
- Sicherheitsstudie
FR
- étude de sűreté
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > изучение безопасности
7 изучение рынка
1. étude de marché
изучение рынка
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

market study
The gathering and studying of data to determine the projection of demand for an item or service. (Source: ISEP / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- market study
DE
- Marktstudie
FR
- étude de marché
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > изучение рынка
8 исследование литературы
1. recherche bibliographique
исследование литературы
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

literature study
The identification, description, analysis and classification of books and other materials used or consulted in the preparation of a work. (Source: WEBSTE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- literature study
DE
- Literaturstudie
FR
- recherche bibliographique
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > исследование литературы
9 микроклиматология
1. microclimatologie
микроклиматология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

microclimatology
The study of a microclimate, including the study of profiles of temperature, moisture and wind in the lowest stratum of air, the effects of the vegetation and of shelterbelts, and the modifying effects of towns and buildings. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- microclimatology
DE
- Mikroklimatologie
FR
- microclimatologie
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > микроклиматология
10 подготовка экологического обоснования проекта
1. étude d'impact sur l'environnement
подготовка экологического обоснования проекта
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

environmental impact study
Survey conducted to ascertain the conditions of a site prior to the realization of a project, to analyze its possible impacts and compensative measures. (Source: RRDA)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- environmental impact study
DE
- Umweltverträglichkeitsstudie
FR
- étude d'impact sur l'environnement
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > подготовка экологического обоснования проекта
11 ущерб, нанесенный почве
1. déterioration du sol
ущерб, нанесенный почве
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

soil damage
Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation. (Source: GILP96)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- soil damage
DE
- Bodenschädigung
FR
- déterioration du sol
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ущерб, нанесенный почве
12 эпидемиология
1. épidémiologie
эпидемиология
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

epidemiology
1) The study of the mass aspects of disease. 2) The study of the occurrence and distribution of disease and injury specified by person, place, and time. (Source: MGH / KOREN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- epidemiology
DE
- Epidemiologie
FR
- épidémiologie
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > эпидемиология
13 close

I.

close¹ [kləʊs]

1. adjective

   a. ( = near) proche

• the city centre is quite close le centre-ville est assez proche

• in close proximity to sb/sth dans le voisinage immédiat de qn/qch

• at close quarters de très près

• it was a close shave or thing or call (inf: inf) (inf) je l'ai (or il l'a etc) échappé belle

► close to ( = near) près or proche de

• the house is close to the shops la maison est proche des magasins

• his birthday is close to mine son anniversaire est proche du mien

• to be close to success être près de réussir

• to be very close to success être à deux doigts de réussir

• to be close to tears être au bord des larmes

• to be close to doing sth être à deux doigts de faire qch

• she felt something close to loathing for the man elle éprouvait un sentiment proche de la haine pour cet homme

   b. [friend, relative] proche ; [relationship, friendship] profond ; [cooperation, ties, links, connection] étroit ; [resemblance] fort

• she is very close to her brother elle est très proche de son frère

• we are very close nous sommes très proches

• to be in/keep in close contact with sb être/rester en contact étroit avec qn

• to be/feel close to sb être/se sentir proche de qn

• a source close to the president une source proche du président

   c. [examination, inspection, study] attentif ; [questioning] serré ; [investigation, enquiry, checking] minutieux ; [translation] fidèle

• to pay close attention to sth faire bien attention à qch

• to be (kept) in close confinement être sous bonne garde

• (up)on closer inspection or examination après un examen plus minutieux

• to have a closer look at sth regarder qch de plus près

• to keep a close eye or watch on sb/sth surveiller qn/qch de près

   d. [texture] dense ; [election, contest, race, finish] serré

   e. [room] mal aéré ; [atmosphere] lourd

• it's very close today il fait très lourd aujourd'hui

2. adverb

• close to sb/sth près de qn/qch

• sit close up to me assieds-toi tout près de moi

• close behind (sb/sth) juste derrière (qn/qch)

• he followed close behind me il me suivait de près

• close by (sb/sth) tout près (de qn/qch)

• to get close (to sb/sth) s'approcher (de qn/qch)

• to get closer (to sb/sth) se rapprocher (de qn/qch)

• to be close at hand [object] être à portée de main ; [place] être à proximité ; [date, event] être proche

• to hold sb close serrer qn dans ses bras

• their two heads were close together leurs deux têtes étaient tout près l'une de l'autre

• the tables were pushed close together on a rapproché les tables

• to come closer together se rapprocher

• to look at sth close to/up regarder qch de très près

• it cost close on ten thousand pounds ça a coûté près de dix mille livres

3. compounds

► close-cropped adjective [hair] (coupé) ras

► close-fisted adjective pingre

► close-fitting adjective ajusté

► close-knit adjective très uni

► close-run adjective

• close-run race course f très serrée

• it was a close-run thing ils sont arrivés dans un mouchoir ► close-shaven adjective rasé de près

► close-up noun ( = photo, shot) gros plan m

• in close-up en gros plan

II.

close² [kləʊz]

1. noun

( = end) fin f

• to come to a close se terminer

• to draw to a close tirer à sa fin

• to draw sth or bring sth to a close mettre fin à qch

• the close of (the) day (literary) la tombée du jour

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = shut) fermer ; [+ road] barrer

• the road is closed to traffic la route est interdite à la circulation

• to close one's mind to new ideas fermer son esprit à toute idée nouvelle

   b. [+ proceedings, discussion] mettre fin à ; [+ account] clore

• to close the meeting lever la séance

   c. to close ranks serrer les rangs

3. intransitive verb

   a. [door, drawer] se fermer ; [museum, theatre, shop] fermer

• the gate doesn't close properly le portail ferme mal

• the shop closes at 6 o'clock le magasin ferme à 18 heures

• the shop closes on Sundays le magasin est fermé le dimanche

• his eyes closed ses yeux se fermèrent

   b. [session] se terminer ; [speaker] terminer

• the meeting closed abruptly la séance a pris fin or s'est terminée brusquement

• he closed with an appeal to their generosity il a terminé par un appel à leur générosité

4. compounds

► close-down noun [of shop, business] fermeture f (définitive)

► close season noun (British) (Hunting) période f de fermeture de la chasse ; (Fishing) période f de fermeture de la pêche ; (Football) intersaison f

► close down transitive and intransitive verb

[business, shop] fermer (définitivement)

► close in intransitive verb

[hunters, pursuers] se rapprocher ; [darkness, night] tomber

• to close in on sb ( = approach) se rapprocher de qn ; (in race, pursuit) rattraper qn► close off separable transitive verb

[+ room] interdire l'accès à ; [+ road] barrer

► close up

1. intransitive verb

[people in line] se rapprocher ; [wound] se refermer

2. separable transitive verb

[+ house, shop] fermer

* * *
I 1. [kləʊs]
noun

1) ( road) passage m

2) ( of cathedral) enceinte f
2.
adjective

1) ( with close links) [relative] proche; [resemblance] frappant

to bear a close resemblance to somebody/something — ressembler beaucoup à quelqu'un/quelque chose

close links with — liens mpl étroits avec [country]; liens mpl d'amitié avec [group]

in close contact with — en contact permanent avec

2) ( intimate) [friend] proche (to de)

they have a close friendship — ils sont très bons amis

3) ( almost equal) [contest, result] serré

‘is it the same?’ - ‘no but it's close’ — ‘c'est le même?’ - ‘non mais c'est proche’

4) (careful, rigorous) [scrutiny] minutieux/-ieuse; [supervision] étroit

to pay close attention to something — faire une attention toute particulière à quelque chose

to keep a close watch ou eye on somebody/something — surveiller étroitement quelqu'un/quelque chose

5) ( compact) [texture] dense; [print, formation] serré

6) ( stuffy) [weather] lourd

it's close — il fait lourd

7) (colloq) ( secretive)

she's been very close about it — elle n'a rien voulu dire
3.
adverb

1) ( nearby)

to live quite close (by) — habiter tout près

they look closeer than they are — ils semblent plus près qu'ils ne le sont

how close is the town? — est-ce que la ville est loin?

it's close, I can hear it — il ne doit pas être loin, je l'entends

the closer he came — plus il approchait

to bring something closer — approcher quelque chose

to follow close behind — suivre de près

to hold somebody close — serrer quelqu'un

close together — serrés les uns contre les autres

2) ( close temporally)

the time is close when — dans peu de temps

how close are they in age? — combien ont-ils de différence d'âge?

Christmas is close — Noël approche

3) ( almost)

that's closer to the truth — ça c'est plus proche de la vérité

‘is the answer three?’ - ‘close!’ — ‘est-ce que la réponse est trois?’ - ‘tu y es presque’
4.
close enough adverbial phrase

that's close enough — ( no nearer) tu es assez près; ( acceptable) ça ira

20 yachts or close enough — à peu près 20 yachts
5.
close to prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase

1) ( near) près de [place, person, object]

how close are we to...? — à quelle distance sommes-nous de...?

2) ( on point of) au bord de [tears, hysteria]

to be close to doing — être sur le point de faire

3) ( almost at)

closer to 30 than 40 — plus proche or plus près de 40 ans que de 30

to come closest to — s'approcher le plus de [ideal, conception]

to come close to doing — faillir faire

how close are you to completing...? — est-ce que vous êtes sur le point de finir...?

close to the time when — à peu près au moment où

it's coming close to the time when we must decide — l'heure de nous décider approche

4) ( also close on (colloq)) ( approximately) près de, presque
6.
close by prepositional phrase, adverbial phrase près de [wall, bridge]

the ambulance is close by — l'ambulance n'est pas loin

••

(from) close to — (colloq)

(from) close up — de près

it was a close call (colloq) ou shave (colloq) ou thing — je l'ai/tu l'as etc échappé belle
II 1. [kləʊz]
noun

1) gen, Sport fin f

to bring something to a close — mettre fin à quelque chose

to draw to a close — tirer à sa fin

to come to a close — se terminer

at the close of day — littér à la tombée du jour liter

2) Finance

close (of trading) — clôture f
2.
transitive verb

1) ( shut) fermer

2) ( block) fermer [border, port]; boucher [pipe, opening]; barrer [road]; interdire l'accès à [area of town]

3) ( bring to an end) mettre fin à [meeting, case]; fermer [account]

the subject is now closed — le sujet est clos

4) ( reduce)

to close the gap — fig réduire l'écart

5) ( agree) conclure [deal, contract]
3.
intransitive verb

1) ( shut) [airport, polls, shop] fermer; [door, container, eyes, mouth] se fermer

2) ( cease to operate) [business, mine] fermer définitivement

3) ( end) [meeting, play] prendre fin

to close with — se terminer par [song]

4) Finance [currency, index] clôturer (at à)

the market closed down/up — le marché a clôturé en baisse/en hausse

5) ( get smaller) se réduire

6) ( get closer) se rapprocher (on de)
4.
closed past participle adjective

1) ( shut) fermé

‘closed’ — ( sign in shop) ‘fermé’; ( in theatre) ‘relâche’

‘closed for lunch/for repairs’ — ‘fermé pour le déjeuner/pour cause de réparations’

‘road closed’ — ‘route barrée’

‘closed to the public’ — ‘interdit au public’

‘closed to traffic’ — ‘circulation interdite’

behind closed doors — fig à huis clos

2) ( restricted) [community, meeting] fermé

to have a closed mind — avoir l'esprit fermé

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- close down

- close in

- close off

- close up

- close with

English-French dictionary > close
14 authoritative

authoritative [ɔ:ˈθɒrɪtətɪv]

adjective

a. ( = commanding) autoritaire

b. ( = reliable) [person, book] faisant autorité ; [survey, study] digne de foi

* * *
[ɔː'θɒrətətɪv], US [-teɪtɪv]
adjective

1) ( forceful) autoritaire

2) ( reliable) [work] qui fait autorité; [source] bien informé

English-French dictionary > authoritative
15 анализ воды
1. analyse de l'eau
анализ воды
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

water analysis
Study of the chemical, physical and biological properties of water. (Source: PORT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- water analysis
DE
- Wasseruntersuchung
FR
- analyse de l'eau
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > анализ воды
16 анализ экосистем
1. analyse de l'écosystčme
анализ экосистем
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

ecosystem analysis
Detailed study of an ecosystem carried out to ascertain its features from the point of view of its soil composition, energy flux, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, organisms and their relationship with the environment. (Source: RRDA)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- ecosystem analysis
DE
- Ökosystemanalyse
FR
- analyse de l'écosystčme
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > анализ экосистем
17 археология
1. archéologie
археология
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

archaeology
The scientific study of the material remains of the cultures of historical or prehistorical peoples. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- archaeology
DE
- Archäologie
FR
- archéologie
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > археология
18 аэробиология
1. aérobiologie
аэробиология
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

aerobiology
The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- aerobiology
DE
- Aerobiologie
FR
- aérobiologie
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > аэробиология
19 баланс окружающей среды
1. équilibre écologique
баланс окружающей среды
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

environmental balance
Final part of the environmental impact study and assessment which compares environmental costs and benefits on the basis of homogeneous criteria. (Source: AMBPIAa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- environmental balance
DE
- Umweltbilanz
FR
- équilibre écologique
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > баланс окружающей среды
20 биология животных
1. biologie animale
биология животных
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

animal biology
The scientific study of the natural processes of animals. (Source: CAMBa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики
- охрана окружающей среды
EN
- animal biology
DE
- Tierbiologie
FR
- biologie animale
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > биология животных

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

study — [13] Study comes via Old French estudie from Latin studium ‘eagerness, intense application’, hence ‘application to learning’ (English studio [19] comes from the same ultimate source, only via Italian). Studium in turn was derived from the verb… … The Hutchinson dictionary of word origins
study — [13] Study comes via Old French estudie from Latin studium ‘eagerness, intense application’, hence ‘application to learning’ (English studio [19] comes from the same ultimate source, only via Italian). Studium in turn was derived from the verb… … Word origins
Source-sink dynamics — is a theoretical model used by ecologists to describe how variation in habitat quality may affect the population growth or decline of organisms. Since quality is likely to vary among patches of habitat, it is important to consider how a low… … Wikipedia
Source lines of code — (SLOC) is a software metric used to measure the size of a software program by counting the number of lines in the text of the program s source code. SLOC is typically used to predict the amount of effort that will be required to develop a program … Wikipedia
source|book — «SRS BUK, SOHRS », noun. a book of fundamental documents, records, testimony, or evidence, which serve as firsthand or primary sources of information for the study of a subject … Useful english dictionary
Source criticism — This entry is about source evaluation (or information evaluation) in an interdisciplinary context and thus not limited to some discipline specific understanding of the term source criticism . A source (an information source) may be a document, a… … Wikipedia
Source text — A source text [ [http://www.lib.umd.edu/guides/primary sources.html Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources, UM Libraries] ] [ [http://www.library.jcu.edu.au/LibraryGuides/primsrcs.shtml JCU Primary, Secondary Tertiary Sources] ] is a text… … Wikipedia
Source code — For the 2011 film, see Source Code. Not to be confused with source coding. An illustration of Java source code with prologue comments indicated in red, inline comments indicated in green, and program code indicated in blue In computer science,… … Wikipedia
Source Q — La Source Q ou Document Q ou simplement Q (Q, l initiale de l allemand Quelle signifiant source) est une source hypothétique (supposée perdue), dont certains exégètes pensent qu elle serait à l origine des éléments communs des évangiles de… … Wikipédia en Français
Source-Musik — Dieser Artikel wurde aufgrund von inhaltlichen Mängeln auf der Qualitätssicherungsseite der Redaktion:Film und Fernsehen eingetragen. Dies geschieht, um die Qualität der Artikel aus dem Themengebiet Film und Fernsehen auf ein akzeptables Niveau… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Source-monitoring error — DefinitionSource monitoring error is the term used by the many fields of neuroscience for the brain s failure to correctly determine whether a specific memory comes from short term or long term memory and which other memories might be associated… … Wikipedia

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